Recovery of ro-pax ferry traffic from covid-19 under tightening environmental regulations: case Helsinki-Tallinn

Abstract In 2020, the number of passengers on international ro-pax ferries collapsed due to pandemic caused by Covid-19 virus and subsequent travel restrictions. At same time, both International Maritime Organisation European Union are setting stringent regulations carbon dioxide emissions from ships. this research, we look at what options companies offering services have recover under-tightening environmental future for industry. The case under study is ferry traffic between Helsinki Tallinn. It one busiest passenger connections in world. economics transport based large high-speed vessels, combination cargo, sales onboard. We created four scenarios traffic: continue system as 2019, reduce switch new types ships, slow down speed vessels or divide into faster slower research contributes discussion competitive strengths transport.